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Ophites
A Gnostic sect which
evolved during the second century AD. and existed for several centuries
afterwards. The name, or word, was derived from the Greek ophis,
meaning "serpent, and relates to the great reverence which the Ophites
had toward the serpent. The members progressed through full-fledged initiation
ceremonies that included symbols for purity, life, spirit and fire. The
entire system of the sect appears to be a combination of the mysteries of
the Egyptian goddess Isis, concepts of oriental mythology, and early Christian
doctrine.
According to the theologians Origen, Irenaeus and others, the essence of
the Ophitic Doctrine was that the God of the Old Testament was a misanthropic
deity from whose power mankind had to be liberated. From this point of view
the serpent in the Garden of Eden was a benefactor to mankind when he urged
Adam and Eve to revolt against such a God. Therefore, other enemies of Jehovah
in the Old Testament became heroes of the sect.
As a mark of reverence for the serpent, it was reported, the snake took
part in the sect's communion service. The following was reported by Epiphanius
(fourth century Church Father) who called the service abominable. The snake
was kept in a chest known as the cista mystica. At the beginning
of the service the snake is summoned out. He then rolls among the loaves
of bread which are on the table after which are broken and eaten. Following
this each of those present kiss the snake on the mouth for it has been tamed
by a spell. They have then fallen down and worshipped the snake as a part
of the Eucharist service. They claimed they have sent forth a hymn to the
Father, and thus concluded their mysteries. A.G.H.
Sources: 9,
52, 61.